What is Carbon Monoxide?

Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of incomplete combustion. When fuels like wood, gasoline, and natural gas do not burn completely, they release this dangerous gas. The insidious part is that this can happen in everyday appliances like stoves, fireplaces, and most importantly for our discussion, furnaces.

How Does CO Affect the Body?

Once inhaled, carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for binding sites on red blood cells. CO has an affinity for hemoglobin—the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen—about 240 times stronger than oxygen. This means CO displaces oxygen in the blood, leading to hypoxia, or insufficient oxygen supply to the body. This can have devastating effects on organs like the brain and heart, which are particularly sensitive to low levels of oxygen.

Symptoms: The Early Warning Signs

Early symptoms of CO poisoning can be deceptively mild and are often mistaken for the flu or fatigue. They include:

1. Headache
2. Dizziness
3. Nausea
4. Shortness of breath

Because these symptoms are common and non-specific, they’re often ignored, which is a grave mistake. As CO levels build up, symptoms can escalate to vomiting, impaired judgment, and eventually loss of consciousness or death.

The Role of HVAC Systems in CO Exposure

HVAC systems, particularly older or poorly maintained ones, can be potential sources of carbon monoxide. Incomplete combustion in the furnace can lead to CO emissions. Hence, annual inspections by qualified professionals are not just advisable; they are non-negotiable for safety.

Preventive Measures

• CO Detectors
  • The first line of defense against CO exposure is the installation of CO detectors. These devices should be installed near sleeping areas and checked regularly for battery life and overall function.
• Ventilation
  • Ensure that all combustion appliances are adequately vented. Poor ventilation is a common reason for CO buildup.

Regular Inspection and Maintenance

Annual inspections of your HVAC system, including your furnace, can catch issues that may lead to CO buildup before they become a hazard.

What To Do In Case of Exposure

Immediate steps should be taken if CO poisoning is suspected:

1. Ventilate the Area: Open all windows and doors.
2. Exit the Premises: Move everyone, including pets, outside.
3. Call for Help: Dial emergency services. Do not re-enter the premises until it has been cleared by professionals.

Pay Attention

Carbon monoxide is a real and present danger in any home, particularly as the furnace season ramps up. Its elusive, odorless nature makes it incredibly difficult to detect, earning it the terrifying title of “The Silent Killer.” Comprehensive preventive measures, including CO detectors and regular HVAC inspections, are essential for safety. Know the symptoms and act immediately; with CO, it’s always better to be safe than sorry.